手機輻射騷擾及傳導騷擾的解決辦法
發布時間:2012-11-27 責任編輯:simonyang
隨著無線通信技術的發展,各種無線通信產品隨之應用到各種領域中,手機是無線通信產品中最重要、應用最廣泛、最(zui)貼(tie)近(jin)人(ren)民(min)生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)無(wu)線(xian)通(tong)信(xin)產(chan)品(pin),在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)可(ke)以(yi)說(shuo)是(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)通(tong)信(xin)工(gong)具(ju)。如(ru)此(ci)數(shu)量(liang)眾(zhong)多(duo)的(de)無(wu)線(xian)通(tong)信(xin)產(chan)品(pin),必(bi)然(ran)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)磁(ci)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)複(fu)雜(za)化(hua),手(shou)機(ji)在(zai)此(ci)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)能(neng)夠(gou)正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)且(qie)不(bu)會(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)其(qi)它(ta)設(she)備(bei),其(qi)電(dian)磁(ci)兼(jian)容(rong)性(xing)尤(you)為(wei)重(zhong)要(yao),因(yin)此(ci)要(yao)對(dui)手(shou)機(ji)進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)磁(ci)兼(jian)容(rong)性(xing)進(jin)行(xing)測(ce)試(shi),來(lai)保(bao)證(zheng)手(shou)機(ji)的(de)電(dian)磁(ci)兼(jian)容(rong)性(xing)能(neng)。
雖然手機的製式不同,但是電磁兼容要測試的項目相同,根據不同的要求來選擇需要測試的項目,電磁兼容測試項目見表1和表2。

那麼,如何解決手機輻射騷擾及傳導騷擾的相關問題?
1.輻射騷擾傳導騷擾及相關問題的具體情況
輻射騷擾測試主要在30MHz-100MHz和200MHz-900MHz頻率範圍內容易不合格。
傳導騷擾則體現在5MHz-30MHz頻段範圍內容易不合格。
2.輻射騷擾傳導騷擾相關問題的分析
fushesaoraoyuchuandaosaoraoceshi,shishiyongchongdianqiweishoujijinxingchongdian,shoujibaochitongxinzhuangtaibingzuidagonglvfashedeqingkuangxiajinxingdiancijianrongceshi,jiceshidejieguoshishoujiyuchongdianqilianhegongzuodeqingkuangxiadeceshijieguo,buhegedeyuanyinkenengshichongdianqizaochengde,yekenengshishoujibenshenzaochengde,yekenengshishoujiyuchongdianqilianhegongzuoshijianrongxingbuhaoerbuhege。
產生的原因可能有以下幾個方麵:
(2) 在設計時,沒有針對性的對輻射騷擾和傳導騷擾的電磁兼容性進行設計並采取相應的對策;
(3) 充電器和手機選用的元器件的電磁兼容性不好或質量達不到要求;
(4) shoujizaixuanyongchongdianqishi,meiyouchongfenkaolvshoujihechongdianqijiandediancijianrongxingjishoujihechongdianqidepipeixing,shoujishifeixianxingfuze,zaizhenlingjitonghuashi,ruguodianchidianliangbuzuerjinxingchongdianshi,haofeidenenglianghenda,huiyouhendadechongjidianliu,zheyangruguoxuanyongdechongdianqibupipeihuoshuchudianliuguoxiao,ceshiguochengzhong,huizaochengchongdianqimanfuhegongzuohuochaofuhegongzuoerchanshengdiancijianrongwenti,gengyanzhongyehuichanshenganquanwenti。lingwairuguobuzhengchangdechongdian,yehuizaochengshoujiqijianbuzhengchanggongzuoerchanshengdiancijianrongwenti。haiyouchongdianqiheshoujijiandexianghuganraoyehuizaochengceshijieguochaobiao。
(5) 在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)測(ce)試(shi)前(qian),手(shou)機(ji)和(he)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)沒(mei)有(you)配(pei)合(he)進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)磁(ci)兼(jian)容(rong)預(yu)測(ce)試(shi),充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)單(dan)獨(du)使(shi)用(yong)負(fu)載(zai)做(zuo)了(le)電(dian)磁(ci)兼(jian)容(rong)測(ce)試(shi),測(ce)試(shi)的(de)結(jie)果(guo)不(bu)能(neng)反(fan)應(ying)與(yu)手(shou)機(ji)共(gong)同(tong)測(ce)試(shi)的(de)結(jie)果(guo)。
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3.輻射騷擾傳導騷擾相關問題的改進建議
(1) 在zai設she計ji階jie段duan要yao充chong分fen考kao慮lv電dian磁ci兼jian容rong特te性xing,合he理li考kao慮lv電dian路lu板ban的de接jie地di設she計ji,應ying保bao持chi接jie地di環huan路lu盡jin量liang小xiao,使shi用yong網wang格ge接jie地di,信xin號hao線xian或huo電dian源yuan線xian盡jin量liang與yu地di線xian靠kao近jin。設she計ji過guo程cheng中zhong,對dui充chong電dian器qi和he手shou機ji的de充chong電dian端duan口kou采cai取qu濾lv波bo措cuo施shi,對dui輻fu射she發fa射she敏min感gan元yuan器qi件jian采cai取qu屏ping蔽bi措cuo施shi,增zeng加jia屏ping蔽bi罩zhao;
(2) 選擇質量好,電磁兼容特性好的元器件;
(3) 優化器件的位置、bujuhebuxian,qijianbujuyizhianzhaogongnengheqijianleixinglaiduiyuanqijianjinxingfenzu,liru,duijicunzaimonidianlu,youcunzaishuziqijiandedianluban,haikejiangqijianangongzuodianya、頻率進行分組布局;duigeidingdechanpinxiliehuodianyuandianyashi,keangongnengduiqijianjinxingfenzu。qijianfenzubujuwanbihou,bixugenjuyuanqijianzudianyuandianyadechabie,jiangdianyuancengbuzhizaigeqijianzudexiafang。ruguoyouduocengdi,namejiubixubashuzidicengjintieshuzidianyuanceng,monidijintiemonidianyuanceng,monidiheshuzidiyaoyouyigegongdidian。tongchang,dianluzhongcunzaiA/D或D /A器件,這些轉換器件(jian)同(tong)時(shi)由(you)模(mo)擬(ni)和(he)數(shu)字(zi)電(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)電(dian),因(yin)此(ci)要(yao)將(jiang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)放(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)模(mo)擬(ni)電(dian)源(yuan)和(he)數(shu)字(zi)電(dian)源(yuan)之(zhi)間(jian)。果(guo)數(shu)字(zi)地(di)和(he)模(mo)擬(ni)地(di)是(shi)分(fen)開(kai)的(de),它(ta)們(men)將(jiang)在(zai)轉(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)彙(hui)合(he)。當(dang)電(dian)路(lu)板(ban)按(an)照(zhao)器(qi)件(jian)係(xi)列(lie)和(he)電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)壓(ya)分(fen)組(zu)時(shi),組(zu)內(nei)信(xin)號(hao)的(de)傳(chuan)送(song)不(bu)能(neng)跨(kua)越(yue)另(ling)外(wai)的(de)器(qi)件(jian)組(zu),如(ru)果(guo)信(xin)號(hao)跨(kua)過(guo)界(jie)限(xian),就(jiu)不(bu)能(neng)與(yu)其(qi)回(hui)流(liu)路(lu)徑(jing)緊(jin)密(mi)耦(ou)合(he),這(zhe)樣(yang)會(hui)增(zeng)大(da)電(dian)路(lu)的(de)環(huan)路(lu)麵(mian)積(ji),從(cong)而(er)使(shi)電(dian)感(gan)增(zeng)加(jia),電(dian)容(rong)減(jian)小(xiao),進(jin)而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)共(gong)模(mo)和(he)差(cha)模(mo)幹(gan)擾(rao)的(de)增(zeng)加(jia)。電(dian)路(lu)板(ban)設(she)計(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)要(yao)避(bi)免(mian)出(chu)現(xian)各(ge)種(zhong)隔(ge)離(li)帶(dai)。雖(sui)然(ran)相(xiang)距(ju)很(hen)近(jin)的(de)一(yi)排(pai)通(tong)孔(kong)並(bing)不(bu)違(wei)反(fan)設(she)計(ji)規(gui)則(ze),但(dan)是(shi),在(zai)電(dian)源(yuan)層(ceng)和(he)地(di)層(ceng)上(shang)過(guo)多(duo)的(de)通(tong)孔(kong)有(you)時(shi)相(xiang)當(dang)於(yu)開(kai)出(chu)一(yi)條(tiao)隔(ge)離(li)帶(dai),要(yao)避(bi)免(mian)在(zai)該(gai)區(qu)域(yu)內(nei)布(bu)線(xian),例(li)如(ru),當(dang)一(yi)個(ge)3ns的信號回路如果偏離其信號源路徑0.40英寸,則過衝/欠衝和感生串擾會大增,足以使電路工作出現異常,並同時增加差模和共模幹擾。
(4) chongfenkaolvchongdianqiyushoujidejianrongxinghepipeixing,chongdianqideshuchudianliuyingdayushoujidefengzhidianliu,zaijinxingxuanzepipeidechongdianqiqian,yingshiyongxiangyingdechongdianqipeiheshoujijinxingfushesaoraohechuandaosaoraoyuceshi,yanzhengliangzhejiandediancijianrongtexing,xuanzediancijianrongtexinghaodechongdianqi;
(5) 對於後期的整改措施
(a) duiceshijieguojinxingfenxi,tingqudiancijianrongceshigongchengshidejianyi,duiyufushesaoraoceshi,tongguoshiyanquerenshichongdianqiduiceshijieguodeyingxiangdahaishishoujideyingxiangda,yibanruguoshidipinchaochuxianzhi,zeshichongdianqideyingxiangdaxie,ruguoshigaopinzekenengshoujideyingxiangda;傳導騷擾測試也要確認哪個影響站主要因素;
(b) 如ru果guo充chong電dian器qi的de影ying響xiang為wei主zhu要yao因yin素su,首shou先xian確que認ren充chong電dian器qi的de各ge個ge器qi件jian是shi否fou正zheng常chang工gong作zuo,如ru果guo是shi某mou個ge器qi件jian有you問wen題ti,先xian更geng換huan相xiang應ying的de器qi件jian後hou再zai進jin行xing測ce試shi。增zeng加jia濾lv波bo電dian容rong或huo改gai進jin相xiang應ying的de濾lv波bo電dian路lu,對dui輻fu射she騷sao擾rao和he傳chuan導dao騷sao擾rao都dou會hui有you改gai進jin;
(c) 如(ru)果(guo)確(que)認(ren)是(shi)手(shou)機(ji)的(de)問(wen)題(ti),確(que)定(ding)超(chao)出(chu)頻(pin)率(lv)的(de)來(lai)源(yuan),對(dui)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)器(qi)件(jian)進(jin)行(xing)屏(ping)蔽(bi)處(chu)理(li),或(huo)加(jia)強(qiang)屏(ping)蔽(bi)特(te)性(xing),改(gai)進(jin)屏(ping)蔽(bi)的(de)接(jie)地(di),增(zeng)加(jia)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)容(rong)或(huo)對(dui)濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)路(lu)進(jin)行(xing)調(tiao)整(zheng),改(gai)進(jin)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)匹(pi)配(pei)電(dian)路(lu)減(jian)少(shao)諧(xie)波(bo)或(huo)混(hun)頻(pin)幹(gan)擾(rao)。加(jia)強(qiang)手(shou)機(ji)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)路(lu)的(de)濾(lv)波(bo)和(he)接(jie)地(di);
(d) 使用好的充電線纜,建議使用兩端都能接地的屏蔽線纜;
(e) 在(zai)手(shou)機(ji)側(ce)或(huo)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)側(ce)加(jia)鐵(tie)氧(yang)體(ti)磁(ci)環(huan),對(dui)與(yu)輻(fu)射(she)騷(sao)擾(rao)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)改(gai)進(jin),對(dui)於(yu)傳(chuan)導(dao)騷(sao)擾(rao)有(you)時(shi)影(ying)響(xiang)不(bu)大(da),要(yao)根(gen)據(ju)測(ce)試(shi)的(de)頻(pin)率(lv),選(xuan)擇(ze)磁(ci)環(huan)的(de)相(xiang)應(ying)頻(pin)率(lv)。
綜上所述,對於輻射騷擾和傳導騷擾,應把握以下原則:
注重設計階段的電磁兼容設計;
注重充電器和手機的匹配;
選擇優良的元器件。
4.結論
手shou機ji的de電dian磁ci兼jian容rong性xing能neng直zhi接jie關guan係xi到dao手shou機ji的de各ge個ge性xing能neng,保bao證zheng手shou機ji的de電dian磁ci兼jian容rong性xing能neng是shi保bao證zheng手shou機ji質zhi量liang的de一yi個ge重zhong要yao環huan節jie,因yin此ci手shou機ji的de電dian磁ci兼jian容rong測ce試shi及ji設she計ji不bu容rong忽hu視shi,了le解jie手shou機ji電dian磁ci兼jian容rong測ce試shi的de依yi據ju及ji電dian磁ci兼jian容rong測ce試shi產chan生sheng的de問wen題ti,並bing能neng提ti供gong相xiang應ying的de解jie決jue方fang法fa,有you助zhu於yu手shou機ji的de電dian磁ci兼jian容rong性xing能neng的de提ti高gao。
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