蓄電池充電方法的分析和探討
發布時間:2009-12-18 來源:電源技術應用
中心議題:
新的蓄電池投入使用後,必須定期地進行充電和放電。充電的目的是使蓄電池貯存電能及時地恢複容量,以滿足用電設備的需要。放電的目的是及時地檢驗蓄電池容量參數,及促進電極活性物質的活化反應。xudianchichongdianhefangdianzhuangkuangdehaohuai,jiangzhijieyingxiangdaoxudianchidedianxingnengjishiyongshouming。muqianduixudianchichongdiandefangfahenduo,xuanzekexuehelidechongdianfangfajianghuidadatigaoxudianchideweihuxiaoguo。
蓄電池常用的充電方法
1)恒定電流充電法
zaichongdianguochengzhongchongdiandianliushizhongbaochibubian,jiaozuohengdingdianliuchongdianfa,jianchenghengliuchongdianfahuodengliuchongdianfa。zaichongdianguochengzhongyouyuxudianchidianyazhujianshenggao,chongdiandianliuzhujianxiajiang,weibaochichongdiandianliubuzhiyinxudianchiduandianyashenggaoerjianxiao,chongdianguochengbixuzhujianshenggaodianyuandianya,yiweichichongdiandianliushizhongbubian,zheduiyuchongdianshebeidezidonghuachengduyaoqiujiaogao,yibanjianloudechongdianshebeishibunengmanzuhengliuchongdianyaoqiude。hengliuchongdianfa,zaixudianchizuidayunxudechongdiandianliuqingkuangxia,chongdiandianliuyueda,chongdianshijianjiukeyisuoduan。ruocongshijianshangkaolv,caiyongcifayoulide。danzaichongdianhouqiruochongdiandianliurengbubian,zheshiyouyudabufendianliuyongyudianjieshuishang,dianjieyechuqipaoguoduoerxianfeitengzhuang,zhebujinxiaohaodianneng,erqierongyishijibanshanghuoxingwuzhidaliangtuoluo,wenshengguogao,zaochengjibanwanqu,rongliangxunsuxiajiangertiqianbaofei。suoyi,zhezhongchongdianfangfahenshaocaiyong。
2)恒定電壓充電法
在zai充chong電dian過guo程cheng中zhong,充chong電dian電dian壓ya始shi終zhong保bao持chi不bu變bian,叫jiao做zuo恒heng定ding電dian壓ya充chong電dian法fa,簡jian稱cheng恒heng壓ya充chong電dian法fa或huo等deng壓ya充chong電dian法fa。由you於yu恒heng壓ya充chong電dian開kai始shi至zhi後hou期qi,電dian源yuan電dian壓ya始shi終zhong保bao持chi一yi定ding,所suo以yi在zai充chong電dian開kai始shi時shi充chong電dian電dian流liu相xiang當dang大da,大da大da超chao過guo正zheng常chang充chong電dian電dian流liu值zhi。但dan隨sui著zhe充chong電dian的de進jin行xing,蓄xu電dian池chi端duan電dian壓ya逐zhu漸jian升sheng高gao,充chong電dian電dian流liu逐zhu漸jian減jian小xiao。當dang蓄xu電dian池chi端duan電dian壓ya和he充chong電dian電dian壓ya相xiang等deng時shi,充chong電dian電dian流liu減jian至zhi最zui小xiao甚shen至zhi為wei零ling。由you此ci可ke見jian,采cai用yong恒heng壓ya充chong電dian法fa的de優you點dian在zai於yu,可ke以yi避bi免mian充chong電dian後hou期qi充chong電dian電dian流liu過guo大da而er造zao成cheng極ji板ban活huo性xing物wu質zhi脫tuo落luo和he電dian能neng的de損sun失shi。但dan其qi缺que點dian是shi,在zai剛gang開kai始shi充chong電dian時shi,充chong電dian電dian流liu過guo大da,電dian極ji活huo性xing物wu質zhi體ti積ji變bian化hua收shou縮suo太tai快kuai,影ying響xiang活huo性xing物wu質zhi的de機ji械xie強qiang度du,致zhi使shi其qi脫tuo落luo。而er在zai充chong電dian後hou期qi充chong電dian電dian流liu又you過guo小xiao,使shi極ji板ban深shen處chu的de活huo性xing物wu質zhi得de不bu到dao充chong電dian反fan應ying,形xing成cheng長chang期qi充chong電dian不bu足zu,影ying響xiang蓄xu電dian池chi的de使shi用yong壽shou命ming。所suo以yi這zhe種zhong充chong電dian方fang法fa一yi般ban隻zhi適shi用yong於yu無wu配pei電dian設she備bei或huo充chong電dian設she備bei較jiao簡jian陋lou的de特te殊shu場chang合he,如ru汽qi車che上shang蓄xu電dian池chi的de充chong電dian,1號至5號幹電池式的小蓄電池的充電均采用等壓充電法。采用等壓充電法給蓄電池充電時,所需電源電壓:酸性蓄電池每個單體電池為2.4~2.8V左右,堿性蓄電池每個單體電池為1.6~2.0V左右。
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3)有固定電阻的恒定電壓充電
為(wei)補(bu)救(jiu)恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)缺(que)點(dian)而(er)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)。即(ji)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)源(yuan)與(yu)電(dian)池(chi)之(zhi)間(jian)串(chuan)聯(lian)一(yi)電(dian)阻(zu),這(zhe)樣(yang)充(chong)電(dian)初(chu)期(qi)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)可(ke)以(yi)調(tiao)整(zheng)。但(dan)有(you)時(shi)最(zui)大(da)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)受(shou)到(dao)限(xian)製(zhi),因(yin)此(ci)隨(sui)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)進(jin)行(xing),蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)逐(zhu)漸(jian)上(shang)升(sheng),電(dian)流(liu)卻(que)幾(ji)乎(hu)成(cheng)為(wei)直(zhi)線(xian)衰(shuai)減(jian)。有(you)時(shi)使(shi)用(yong)兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi),約(yue)在(zai)2.4V時,從低電阻轉換到高電阻,以減少出氣。
4)階段等流充電法
綜zong合he恒heng流liu和he恒heng壓ya充chong電dian法fa的de特te點dian,蓄xu電dian池chi在zai充chong電dian初chu期qi用yong較jiao大da的de電dian流liu,經jing過guo一yi段duan時shi間jian改gai用yong較jiao小xiao的de電dian流liu,至zhi充chong電dian後hou期qi改gai用yong更geng小xiao的de電dian流liu,即ji不bu同tong階jie段duan內nei以yi不bu同tong的de電dian流liu進jin行xing恒heng流liu充chong電dian的de方fang法fa,叫jiao做zuo階jie段duan恒heng流liu充chong電dian法fa。階jie段duan恒heng流liu充chong電dian法fa,一yi般ban可ke分fen為wei兩liang個ge階jie段duan進jin行xing,也ye可ke分fen為wei多duo個ge階jie段duan進jin行xing。
jieduandengliuchongdianfasuoxuchongdianshijianduan,chongdianxiaoguoyehao。youyuchongdianhouqigaiyongjiaoxiaodianliuchongdian,zheyangjianshaoleqipaoduijibanhuoxingwuzhidechongshua,jianshaolehuoxingwuzhidetuoluo。zhezhongchongdianfanengyanchangxudianchishiyongshouming,bingjieshengdianneng,chongdianyouchedi,suoyishidangqianchangyongdeyizhongchongdianfangfa。yibanxudianchidiyijieduanyi10h率電流進行充電,第二階段以20h率電流進行充電。各階段充電時間的長短,各種蓄電池的具體要求和標準不一樣。
5)浮充電法
間(jian)歇(xie)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)或(huo)僅(jin)在(zai)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)停(ting)電(dian)時(shi)才(cai)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi),其(qi)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)式(shi)為(wei)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)式(shi)。一(yi)些(xie)特(te)殊(shu)場(chang)合(he)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)固(gu)定(ding)型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般(ban)均(jun)采(cai)用(yong)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)。浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)的(de)優(you)點(dian)主(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)於(yu)能(neng)減(jian)少(shao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)析(xi)氣(qi)率(lv),並(bing)可(ke)防(fang)止(zhi)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian),同(tong)時(shi)由(you)於(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)同(tong)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)並(bing)聯(lian)供(gong)電(dian),用(yong)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)用(yong)電(dian)時(shi),蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)瞬(shun)時(shi)輸(shu)出(chu)大(da)電(dian)流(liu),這(zhe)有(you)助(zhu)於(yu)鎮(zhen)定(ding)電(dian)源(yuan)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya),使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)正(zheng)常(chang)。浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)的(de)缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)個(ge)別(bie)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)不(bu)均(jun)衡(heng)和(he)充(chong)不(bu)足(zu)電(dian),所(suo)以(yi)需(xu)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)定(ding)期(qi)的(de)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)。
蓄電池的快速充電方法
1)定電流定周期快速充電法
這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)特(te)點(dian)是(shi),以(yi)電(dian)流(liu)幅(fu)度(du)恒(heng)定(ding)和(he)周(zhou)期(qi)恒(heng)定(ding)的(de)脈(mai)衝(chong)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian),兩(liang)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)脈(mai)衝(chong)之(zhi)間(jian)有(you)一(yi)放(fang)電(dian)脈(mai)衝(chong)進(jin)行(xing)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua),以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)能(neng)力(li)。在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)及(ji)其(qi)脈(mai)寬(kuan)不(bu)受(shou)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。因(yin)此(ci),它(ta)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)開(kai)環(huan)式(shi)脈(mai)衝(chong)充(chong)電(dian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)易(yi)使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)滿(man)容(rong)量(liang),但(dan)如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)增(zeng)加(jia)防(fang)止(zhi)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),容(rong)易(yi)造(zao)成(cheng)強(qiang)烈(lie)的(de)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian),影(ying)響(xiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)。在(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)中(zhong),雖(sui)然(ran)整(zheng)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)均(jun)加(jia)有(you)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua)措(cuo)施(shi),但(dan)是(shi)這(zhe)種(zhong)固(gu)定(ding)的(de)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua)措(cuo)施(shi),難(nan)於(yu)適(shi)合(he)充(chong)電(dian)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。
2)定電流定出氣率脈衝充電放電去極化快速充電法
這種充電方法的特點是:在zai整zheng個ge充chong電dian過guo程cheng中zhong,充chong電dian電dian流liu脈mai衝chong的de幅fu值zhi和he蓄xu電dian池chi的de出chu氣qi率lv始shi終zhong保bao持chi不bu變bian。充chong電dian過guo程cheng初chu期qi,充chong電dian電dian流liu略lve低di於yu蓄xu電dian池chi的de初chu始shi接jie受shou電dian流liu。在zai充chong電dian過guo程cheng中zhong,由you於yu蓄xu電dian池chi可ke接jie受shou的de電dian流liu逐zhu漸jian減jian小xiao,所suo以yi經jing過guo一yi段duan時shi間jian後hou,充chong電dian電dian流liu將jiang超chao過guo蓄xu電dian池chi的de可ke接jie受shou電dian流liu,因yin而er蓄xu電dian池chi內nei將jiang產chan生sheng較jiao多duo的de氣qi體ti,出chu氣qi率lv顯xian著zhu增zeng加jia。此ci時shi,氣qi體ti檢jian測ce元yuan件jian能neng夠gou及ji時shi發fa出chu控kong製zhi信xin號hao,迫po使shi蓄xu電dian池chi停ting止zhi充chong電dian,進jin行xing短duan時shi放fang電dian。這zhe樣yang蓄xu電dian池chi內nei部bu的de極ji化hua作zuo用yong很hen快kuai消xiao失shi,因yin而er出chu氣qi率lv可ke以yi始shi終zhong保bao持chi在zai較jiao低di的de預yu定ding值zhi內nei。目mu前qian,國guo外wai有you這zhe樣yang的de方fang案an。國guo內nei因yin缺que少shao氣qi體ti敏min感gan元yuan件jian,對dui這zhe種zhong方fang法fa很hen少shao研yan究jiu。
3)定電流定電壓脈衝充電放電去極化快速充電法
這種充電方法的特點是,以恒定大電流充電,待充到一定電壓(相當於蓄電池出氣點的電壓)時,停止充電並進行大電流(或小電流)放(fang)電(dian)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua),然(ran)後(hou)再(zai)以(yi)恒(heng)定(ding)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian),依(yi)此(ci),充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)交(jiao)替(ti)地(di)進(jin)行(xing)。放(fang)電(dian)脈(mai)衝(chong)的(de)頻(pin)率(lv)隨(sui)充(chong)人(ren)電(dian)量(liang)的(de)增(zeng)加(jia)而(er)增(zeng)加(jia),充(chong)電(dian)脈(mai)衝(chong)的(de)寬(kuan)度(du)隨(sui)充(chong)人(ren)電(dian)量(liang)的(de)增(zeng)加(jia)而(er)減(jian)少(shao)。當(dang)充(chong)電(dian)量(liang)和(he)放(fang)電(dian)量(liang)基(ji)本(ben)相(xiang)等(deng)時(shi),表(biao)示(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)已(yi)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian),立(li)即(ji)結(jie)束(shu)充(chong)電(dian)。
根(gen)據(ju)這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa),國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)都(dou)有(you)多(duo)種(zhong)方(fang)案(an)來(lai)實(shi)現(xian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa),充(chong)電(dian)初(chu)期(qi)無(wu)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua)措(cuo)施(shi)。在(zai)加(jia)有(you)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua)措(cuo)施(shi)後(hou)充(chong)電(dian)脈(mai)衝(chong)寬(kuan)度(du)不(bu)斷(duan)減(jian)小(xiao),使(shi)得(de)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)平(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)下(xia)降(jiang)較(jiao)快(kuai),延(yan)長(chang)了(le)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)。
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4)定電流提升電壓脈衝充電放電去極化快速充電法
這種方法是定電流定電壓脈衝充電放電去極化快速充電方法的改進。它是以恒定電流(如IC)充電,當蓄電池電壓達到充電出氣點電壓後(單格電池電壓2.35~2.5V)時,停止充電並進行放電(如放電電流2~3C,脈衝寬度為1ms),然後再充電……。從加有放電去極化脈衝以後,用積分器件階梯形跟蹤調高充電控製電壓(提升出氣點電壓),以加快充電速度和提高充滿程度。其它和定電流定電壓法相同。
5)定電壓定頻率脈衝充電放電去極化快速充電法
這zhe種zhong方fang法fa的de特te點dian是shi,充chong電dian脈mai衝chong的de電dian壓ya幅fu值zhi保bao持chi恒heng定ding,隨sui著zhe充chong電dian過guo程cheng的de進jin行xing,蓄xu電dian池chi電dian動dong勢shi逐zhu漸jian上shang升sheng,充chong電dian電dian流liu幅fu值zhi逐zhu漸jian減jian小xiao,充chong電dian脈mai衝chong電dian流liu的de頻pin率lv恒heng定ding,在zai兩liang個ge充chong電dian脈mai衝chong之zhi間jian加jia有you放fang電dian去qu極ji化hua脈mai衝chong。
6)端電壓和充放電頻率選擇脈衝充電放電去極化快速充電法
zhezhongfangfadetedianshi,genjuxudianchichongdianguochengzhongdejihuaqingkuangxuanzechongfangdianmaichongdepinlv,bingzaichongdianhouqijiangxudianchiduandianyaxiandingzaiyuxuandeshuzhi,shichuqilvxianzhizaiyidingderongxuzhi。
7)適應全過程去極化脈衝充電放電去極化快速充電法
這zhe種zhong方fang法fa的de特te點dian是shi,在zai充chong電dian全quan過guo程cheng都dou適shi時shi加jia有you去qu極ji化hua的de放fang電dian脈mai衝chong,在zai放fang電dian脈mai衝chong後hou充chong電dian電dian流liu恢hui複fu之zhi前qian,均jun進jin行xing去qu極ji化hua效xiao果guo檢jian測ce,達da到dao一yi定ding去qu極ji化hua效xiao果guo再zai轉zhuan回hui充chong電dian,否fou則ze再zai次ci進jin行xing去qu極ji化hua放fang電dian,直zhi至zhi達da到dao去qu極ji化hua要yao求qiu的de效xiao果guo才cai轉zhuan回hui充chong電dian,這zhe樣yang,可ke使shi去qu極ji措cuo施shi適shi應ying全quan過guo程cheng。這zhe種zhong方fang案an能neng有you效xiao地di將jiang氣qi體ti析xi出chu量liang抑yi製zhi在zai很hen小xiao的de數shu值zhi內nei。
蓄電池理想充電方法的探討
自從1859年nian出chu現xian蓄xu電dian池chi以yi來lai,經jing過guo許xu多duo次ci的de改gai進jin,蓄xu電dian池chi已yi在zai許xu多duo部bu門men中zhong得de到dao廣guang泛fan的de應ying用yong。但dan由you於yu人ren們men對dui蓄xu電dian池chi充chong電dian製zhi度du認ren識shi的de局ju限xian性xing,蓄xu電dian池chi充chong電dian一yi直zhi沿yan襲xi舊jiu的de充chong電dian製zhi度du,致zhi使shi蓄xu電dian池chi充chong電dian時shi間jian長chang。所suo以yi,蓄xu電dian池chi使shi用yong起qi來lai不bu方fang便bian,不bu能neng適shi應ying飛fei速su發fa展zhan的de經jing濟ji建jian設she和he國guo防fang建jian設she的de需xu要yao。
我國常規充電製度,是在缺乏對於充電規律認識的情況下,被迫采用的不合理的充電方法。常規充電方法的缺點就是充電時間長、效率低、出氣量大、蓄電池的利用周轉率低、充chong電dian管guan理li製zhi度du繁fan雜za等deng。這zhe種zhong充chong電dian製zhi度du的de落luo後hou性xing與yu蓄xu電dian池chi應ying用yong的de廣guang泛fan性xing是shi存cun在zai著zhe一yi定ding的de矛mao盾dun的de。為wei此ci,在zai充chong電dian領ling域yu內nei,必bi須xu加jia強qiang對dui充chong電dian規gui律lv的de認ren識shi和he研yan究jiu,逐zhu步bu探tan討tao一yi套tao既ji快kuai又you好hao的de充chong電dian製zhi度du,以yi使shi蓄xu電dian池chi適shi應ying於yu各ge部bu門men經jing濟ji發fa展zhan的de需xu要yao和he國guo防fang建jian設she的de需xu要yao。
1)三階段充電法
muqiandehangkongxudianchichongdianjuncaiyongjieduanhengliuchongdianfa。yibansuanxinghangkongxudianchicaiyonghengliuliangjieduanchongdianfa。jianxinghangkongxudianchicaiyonghengliuliangjieduanchongdianfahuohengliuyijieduanchongdianfa。danzhezhongchongdianfazaichongdianzhongjianjieduanyuanlilechongdiandianliujieshoulvquxian,suoyisanjieduanchongdianfagenghaoyidian。
sanjieduanchongdianfashiliangjieduandengliuchongdianfahehengdingdengyachongdianfaxiangjiehedefangshi。chongdiankaishihejieshushicaiyonghengdingdianliu,zhongjianjieduanweihengdingdianyachongdian。xudianchizaichongdianchuqiyongjiaodadedianliu,jingguoyiduanshijiangaiweihengdingdianyachongdian,dangdianliushuaijiandaoyudingzhishi,youdierjieduanzhuandaodisanjieduan。caiyongsanjieduanchongdianfadeyoudianshi:避bi免mian了le恒heng定ding電dian壓ya充chong電dian法fa開kai始shi充chong電dian電dian流liu過guo大da,而er後hou期qi電dian流liu又you過guo小xiao的de情qing況kuang,比bi二er階jie段duan等deng流liu充chong電dian在zai中zhong間jian階jie段duan更geng接jie近jin充chong電dian電dian流liu接jie受shou率lv曲qu線xian。這zhe種zhong充chong電dian法fa減jian少shao了le充chong電dian出chu氣qi量liang,充chong電dian又you徹che底di,延yan長chang了le蓄xu電dian池chi使shi用yong壽shou命ming。三san階jie段duan充chong電dian法fa充chong電dian電dian流liu和he充chong電dian電dian壓ya變bian化hua曲qu線xian如ru圖tu1所示。[page]

2)定電流定電壓快速充電法
yihengdingdadianliuchongdian,dangchongdaoxudianchidechuqidianyashi,tingzhichongdianbingjinxingfangdian,ranhoujinxingdadianliuchongdian,chongfangdianguochengyicijiaotijinxing。fangdianmaichongdekuandusuichongrudianliangzengjia,chongdianmaichongkuandusuichongrudianliangzengjiaerjianxiao。dangchongdianlianghefangdianliangjibenxiangdengshi,biaomingxudianchiyijibenchongman,lijijieshuchongdian。

地方上已有這種充電設備,其工作過程是三相交流電源經接觸器、變壓器及可控矽充電開關對蓄電池充電。待蓄電池電壓達到出氣點電壓時,經過電壓傳感器檢測並發出信號。此信號使充、放電狀態控製器轉為停止充電狀態,並發出三個控製信號。第一個控製信號是關斷充電脈衝發生器的信號。
第二控製信號是開始去極化信號,它經過放電前停止充電延時電路延時(t1-t2)後,發出放電開始脈衝,打開放電開關,蓄電池開始向放電電阻放電並經過放電延時電路延時(t2-t3)hou,fachufangdianguanmaichong,jieshufangdian。yicizhongfujinxingchongfangdianguocheng,zhizhichongdianjieshu。disangekongzhixinhaosonggeikaishifangdianjishiqi,shiqicongdiyiciqujihuafangdiankaishijishi,daoyudingdeshijianhoujieshuchongdian,zidongguanji。yongzhezhongfangfachongdian,xudianchidechongdianhefangdiandianliuboxingrutu2所(suo)示(shi)。上(shang)述(shu)兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)改(gai)進(jin)方(fang)向(xiang)。我(wo)國(guo)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)案(an)很(hen)多(duo),性(xing)能(neng)差(cha)異(yi)很(hen)大(da)。各(ge)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽(shou)命(ming)影(ying)響(xiang)也(ye)大(da)不(bu)相(xiang)同(tong)。這(zhe)兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)在(zai)理(li)論(lun)上(shang)比(bi)較(jiao)適(shi)合(he)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。
- 蓄電池常用的充電方法
- 蓄電池的快速充電方法
- 恒定電壓充電法
- 浮充電法
- 定電流定周期快速充電法
- 定電流定出氣率脈衝充電放電去極化快速充電法
新的蓄電池投入使用後,必須定期地進行充電和放電。充電的目的是使蓄電池貯存電能及時地恢複容量,以滿足用電設備的需要。放電的目的是及時地檢驗蓄電池容量參數,及促進電極活性物質的活化反應。xudianchichongdianhefangdianzhuangkuangdehaohuai,jiangzhijieyingxiangdaoxudianchidedianxingnengjishiyongshouming。muqianduixudianchichongdiandefangfahenduo,xuanzekexuehelidechongdianfangfajianghuidadatigaoxudianchideweihuxiaoguo。
蓄電池常用的充電方法
1)恒定電流充電法
zaichongdianguochengzhongchongdiandianliushizhongbaochibubian,jiaozuohengdingdianliuchongdianfa,jianchenghengliuchongdianfahuodengliuchongdianfa。zaichongdianguochengzhongyouyuxudianchidianyazhujianshenggao,chongdiandianliuzhujianxiajiang,weibaochichongdiandianliubuzhiyinxudianchiduandianyashenggaoerjianxiao,chongdianguochengbixuzhujianshenggaodianyuandianya,yiweichichongdiandianliushizhongbubian,zheduiyuchongdianshebeidezidonghuachengduyaoqiujiaogao,yibanjianloudechongdianshebeishibunengmanzuhengliuchongdianyaoqiude。hengliuchongdianfa,zaixudianchizuidayunxudechongdiandianliuqingkuangxia,chongdiandianliuyueda,chongdianshijianjiukeyisuoduan。ruocongshijianshangkaolv,caiyongcifayoulide。danzaichongdianhouqiruochongdiandianliurengbubian,zheshiyouyudabufendianliuyongyudianjieshuishang,dianjieyechuqipaoguoduoerxianfeitengzhuang,zhebujinxiaohaodianneng,erqierongyishijibanshanghuoxingwuzhidaliangtuoluo,wenshengguogao,zaochengjibanwanqu,rongliangxunsuxiajiangertiqianbaofei。suoyi,zhezhongchongdianfangfahenshaocaiyong。
2)恒定電壓充電法
在zai充chong電dian過guo程cheng中zhong,充chong電dian電dian壓ya始shi終zhong保bao持chi不bu變bian,叫jiao做zuo恒heng定ding電dian壓ya充chong電dian法fa,簡jian稱cheng恒heng壓ya充chong電dian法fa或huo等deng壓ya充chong電dian法fa。由you於yu恒heng壓ya充chong電dian開kai始shi至zhi後hou期qi,電dian源yuan電dian壓ya始shi終zhong保bao持chi一yi定ding,所suo以yi在zai充chong電dian開kai始shi時shi充chong電dian電dian流liu相xiang當dang大da,大da大da超chao過guo正zheng常chang充chong電dian電dian流liu值zhi。但dan隨sui著zhe充chong電dian的de進jin行xing,蓄xu電dian池chi端duan電dian壓ya逐zhu漸jian升sheng高gao,充chong電dian電dian流liu逐zhu漸jian減jian小xiao。當dang蓄xu電dian池chi端duan電dian壓ya和he充chong電dian電dian壓ya相xiang等deng時shi,充chong電dian電dian流liu減jian至zhi最zui小xiao甚shen至zhi為wei零ling。由you此ci可ke見jian,采cai用yong恒heng壓ya充chong電dian法fa的de優you點dian在zai於yu,可ke以yi避bi免mian充chong電dian後hou期qi充chong電dian電dian流liu過guo大da而er造zao成cheng極ji板ban活huo性xing物wu質zhi脫tuo落luo和he電dian能neng的de損sun失shi。但dan其qi缺que點dian是shi,在zai剛gang開kai始shi充chong電dian時shi,充chong電dian電dian流liu過guo大da,電dian極ji活huo性xing物wu質zhi體ti積ji變bian化hua收shou縮suo太tai快kuai,影ying響xiang活huo性xing物wu質zhi的de機ji械xie強qiang度du,致zhi使shi其qi脫tuo落luo。而er在zai充chong電dian後hou期qi充chong電dian電dian流liu又you過guo小xiao,使shi極ji板ban深shen處chu的de活huo性xing物wu質zhi得de不bu到dao充chong電dian反fan應ying,形xing成cheng長chang期qi充chong電dian不bu足zu,影ying響xiang蓄xu電dian池chi的de使shi用yong壽shou命ming。所suo以yi這zhe種zhong充chong電dian方fang法fa一yi般ban隻zhi適shi用yong於yu無wu配pei電dian設she備bei或huo充chong電dian設she備bei較jiao簡jian陋lou的de特te殊shu場chang合he,如ru汽qi車che上shang蓄xu電dian池chi的de充chong電dian,1號至5號幹電池式的小蓄電池的充電均采用等壓充電法。采用等壓充電法給蓄電池充電時,所需電源電壓:酸性蓄電池每個單體電池為2.4~2.8V左右,堿性蓄電池每個單體電池為1.6~2.0V左右。
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3)有固定電阻的恒定電壓充電
為(wei)補(bu)救(jiu)恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)缺(que)點(dian)而(er)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)。即(ji)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)源(yuan)與(yu)電(dian)池(chi)之(zhi)間(jian)串(chuan)聯(lian)一(yi)電(dian)阻(zu),這(zhe)樣(yang)充(chong)電(dian)初(chu)期(qi)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)可(ke)以(yi)調(tiao)整(zheng)。但(dan)有(you)時(shi)最(zui)大(da)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)受(shou)到(dao)限(xian)製(zhi),因(yin)此(ci)隨(sui)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)進(jin)行(xing),蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)逐(zhu)漸(jian)上(shang)升(sheng),電(dian)流(liu)卻(que)幾(ji)乎(hu)成(cheng)為(wei)直(zhi)線(xian)衰(shuai)減(jian)。有(you)時(shi)使(shi)用(yong)兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi),約(yue)在(zai)2.4V時,從低電阻轉換到高電阻,以減少出氣。
4)階段等流充電法
綜zong合he恒heng流liu和he恒heng壓ya充chong電dian法fa的de特te點dian,蓄xu電dian池chi在zai充chong電dian初chu期qi用yong較jiao大da的de電dian流liu,經jing過guo一yi段duan時shi間jian改gai用yong較jiao小xiao的de電dian流liu,至zhi充chong電dian後hou期qi改gai用yong更geng小xiao的de電dian流liu,即ji不bu同tong階jie段duan內nei以yi不bu同tong的de電dian流liu進jin行xing恒heng流liu充chong電dian的de方fang法fa,叫jiao做zuo階jie段duan恒heng流liu充chong電dian法fa。階jie段duan恒heng流liu充chong電dian法fa,一yi般ban可ke分fen為wei兩liang個ge階jie段duan進jin行xing,也ye可ke分fen為wei多duo個ge階jie段duan進jin行xing。
jieduandengliuchongdianfasuoxuchongdianshijianduan,chongdianxiaoguoyehao。youyuchongdianhouqigaiyongjiaoxiaodianliuchongdian,zheyangjianshaoleqipaoduijibanhuoxingwuzhidechongshua,jianshaolehuoxingwuzhidetuoluo。zhezhongchongdianfanengyanchangxudianchishiyongshouming,bingjieshengdianneng,chongdianyouchedi,suoyishidangqianchangyongdeyizhongchongdianfangfa。yibanxudianchidiyijieduanyi10h率電流進行充電,第二階段以20h率電流進行充電。各階段充電時間的長短,各種蓄電池的具體要求和標準不一樣。
5)浮充電法
間(jian)歇(xie)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)或(huo)僅(jin)在(zai)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)停(ting)電(dian)時(shi)才(cai)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi),其(qi)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)式(shi)為(wei)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)式(shi)。一(yi)些(xie)特(te)殊(shu)場(chang)合(he)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)固(gu)定(ding)型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般(ban)均(jun)采(cai)用(yong)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)。浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)的(de)優(you)點(dian)主(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)於(yu)能(neng)減(jian)少(shao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)析(xi)氣(qi)率(lv),並(bing)可(ke)防(fang)止(zhi)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian),同(tong)時(shi)由(you)於(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)同(tong)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)並(bing)聯(lian)供(gong)電(dian),用(yong)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)用(yong)電(dian)時(shi),蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)瞬(shun)時(shi)輸(shu)出(chu)大(da)電(dian)流(liu),這(zhe)有(you)助(zhu)於(yu)鎮(zhen)定(ding)電(dian)源(yuan)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya),使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)正(zheng)常(chang)。浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)的(de)缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)個(ge)別(bie)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)不(bu)均(jun)衡(heng)和(he)充(chong)不(bu)足(zu)電(dian),所(suo)以(yi)需(xu)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)定(ding)期(qi)的(de)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)。
蓄電池的快速充電方法
1)定電流定周期快速充電法
這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)特(te)點(dian)是(shi),以(yi)電(dian)流(liu)幅(fu)度(du)恒(heng)定(ding)和(he)周(zhou)期(qi)恒(heng)定(ding)的(de)脈(mai)衝(chong)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian),兩(liang)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)脈(mai)衝(chong)之(zhi)間(jian)有(you)一(yi)放(fang)電(dian)脈(mai)衝(chong)進(jin)行(xing)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua),以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受(shou)能(neng)力(li)。在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)及(ji)其(qi)脈(mai)寬(kuan)不(bu)受(shou)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。因(yin)此(ci),它(ta)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)開(kai)環(huan)式(shi)脈(mai)衝(chong)充(chong)電(dian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)易(yi)使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)滿(man)容(rong)量(liang),但(dan)如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)增(zeng)加(jia)防(fang)止(zhi)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),容(rong)易(yi)造(zao)成(cheng)強(qiang)烈(lie)的(de)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian),影(ying)響(xiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)。在(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)中(zhong),雖(sui)然(ran)整(zheng)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)均(jun)加(jia)有(you)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua)措(cuo)施(shi),但(dan)是(shi)這(zhe)種(zhong)固(gu)定(ding)的(de)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua)措(cuo)施(shi),難(nan)於(yu)適(shi)合(he)充(chong)電(dian)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。
2)定電流定出氣率脈衝充電放電去極化快速充電法
這種充電方法的特點是:在zai整zheng個ge充chong電dian過guo程cheng中zhong,充chong電dian電dian流liu脈mai衝chong的de幅fu值zhi和he蓄xu電dian池chi的de出chu氣qi率lv始shi終zhong保bao持chi不bu變bian。充chong電dian過guo程cheng初chu期qi,充chong電dian電dian流liu略lve低di於yu蓄xu電dian池chi的de初chu始shi接jie受shou電dian流liu。在zai充chong電dian過guo程cheng中zhong,由you於yu蓄xu電dian池chi可ke接jie受shou的de電dian流liu逐zhu漸jian減jian小xiao,所suo以yi經jing過guo一yi段duan時shi間jian後hou,充chong電dian電dian流liu將jiang超chao過guo蓄xu電dian池chi的de可ke接jie受shou電dian流liu,因yin而er蓄xu電dian池chi內nei將jiang產chan生sheng較jiao多duo的de氣qi體ti,出chu氣qi率lv顯xian著zhu增zeng加jia。此ci時shi,氣qi體ti檢jian測ce元yuan件jian能neng夠gou及ji時shi發fa出chu控kong製zhi信xin號hao,迫po使shi蓄xu電dian池chi停ting止zhi充chong電dian,進jin行xing短duan時shi放fang電dian。這zhe樣yang蓄xu電dian池chi內nei部bu的de極ji化hua作zuo用yong很hen快kuai消xiao失shi,因yin而er出chu氣qi率lv可ke以yi始shi終zhong保bao持chi在zai較jiao低di的de預yu定ding值zhi內nei。目mu前qian,國guo外wai有you這zhe樣yang的de方fang案an。國guo內nei因yin缺que少shao氣qi體ti敏min感gan元yuan件jian,對dui這zhe種zhong方fang法fa很hen少shao研yan究jiu。
3)定電流定電壓脈衝充電放電去極化快速充電法
這種充電方法的特點是,以恒定大電流充電,待充到一定電壓(相當於蓄電池出氣點的電壓)時,停止充電並進行大電流(或小電流)放(fang)電(dian)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua),然(ran)後(hou)再(zai)以(yi)恒(heng)定(ding)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian),依(yi)此(ci),充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)交(jiao)替(ti)地(di)進(jin)行(xing)。放(fang)電(dian)脈(mai)衝(chong)的(de)頻(pin)率(lv)隨(sui)充(chong)人(ren)電(dian)量(liang)的(de)增(zeng)加(jia)而(er)增(zeng)加(jia),充(chong)電(dian)脈(mai)衝(chong)的(de)寬(kuan)度(du)隨(sui)充(chong)人(ren)電(dian)量(liang)的(de)增(zeng)加(jia)而(er)減(jian)少(shao)。當(dang)充(chong)電(dian)量(liang)和(he)放(fang)電(dian)量(liang)基(ji)本(ben)相(xiang)等(deng)時(shi),表(biao)示(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)已(yi)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian),立(li)即(ji)結(jie)束(shu)充(chong)電(dian)。
根(gen)據(ju)這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa),國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)都(dou)有(you)多(duo)種(zhong)方(fang)案(an)來(lai)實(shi)現(xian)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa),充(chong)電(dian)初(chu)期(qi)無(wu)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua)措(cuo)施(shi)。在(zai)加(jia)有(you)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua)措(cuo)施(shi)後(hou)充(chong)電(dian)脈(mai)衝(chong)寬(kuan)度(du)不(bu)斷(duan)減(jian)小(xiao),使(shi)得(de)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)平(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)下(xia)降(jiang)較(jiao)快(kuai),延(yan)長(chang)了(le)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)。
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4)定電流提升電壓脈衝充電放電去極化快速充電法
這種方法是定電流定電壓脈衝充電放電去極化快速充電方法的改進。它是以恒定電流(如IC)充電,當蓄電池電壓達到充電出氣點電壓後(單格電池電壓2.35~2.5V)時,停止充電並進行放電(如放電電流2~3C,脈衝寬度為1ms),然後再充電……。從加有放電去極化脈衝以後,用積分器件階梯形跟蹤調高充電控製電壓(提升出氣點電壓),以加快充電速度和提高充滿程度。其它和定電流定電壓法相同。
5)定電壓定頻率脈衝充電放電去極化快速充電法
這zhe種zhong方fang法fa的de特te點dian是shi,充chong電dian脈mai衝chong的de電dian壓ya幅fu值zhi保bao持chi恒heng定ding,隨sui著zhe充chong電dian過guo程cheng的de進jin行xing,蓄xu電dian池chi電dian動dong勢shi逐zhu漸jian上shang升sheng,充chong電dian電dian流liu幅fu值zhi逐zhu漸jian減jian小xiao,充chong電dian脈mai衝chong電dian流liu的de頻pin率lv恒heng定ding,在zai兩liang個ge充chong電dian脈mai衝chong之zhi間jian加jia有you放fang電dian去qu極ji化hua脈mai衝chong。
6)端電壓和充放電頻率選擇脈衝充電放電去極化快速充電法
zhezhongfangfadetedianshi,genjuxudianchichongdianguochengzhongdejihuaqingkuangxuanzechongfangdianmaichongdepinlv,bingzaichongdianhouqijiangxudianchiduandianyaxiandingzaiyuxuandeshuzhi,shichuqilvxianzhizaiyidingderongxuzhi。
7)適應全過程去極化脈衝充電放電去極化快速充電法
這zhe種zhong方fang法fa的de特te點dian是shi,在zai充chong電dian全quan過guo程cheng都dou適shi時shi加jia有you去qu極ji化hua的de放fang電dian脈mai衝chong,在zai放fang電dian脈mai衝chong後hou充chong電dian電dian流liu恢hui複fu之zhi前qian,均jun進jin行xing去qu極ji化hua效xiao果guo檢jian測ce,達da到dao一yi定ding去qu極ji化hua效xiao果guo再zai轉zhuan回hui充chong電dian,否fou則ze再zai次ci進jin行xing去qu極ji化hua放fang電dian,直zhi至zhi達da到dao去qu極ji化hua要yao求qiu的de效xiao果guo才cai轉zhuan回hui充chong電dian,這zhe樣yang,可ke使shi去qu極ji措cuo施shi適shi應ying全quan過guo程cheng。這zhe種zhong方fang案an能neng有you效xiao地di將jiang氣qi體ti析xi出chu量liang抑yi製zhi在zai很hen小xiao的de數shu值zhi內nei。
蓄電池理想充電方法的探討
自從1859年nian出chu現xian蓄xu電dian池chi以yi來lai,經jing過guo許xu多duo次ci的de改gai進jin,蓄xu電dian池chi已yi在zai許xu多duo部bu門men中zhong得de到dao廣guang泛fan的de應ying用yong。但dan由you於yu人ren們men對dui蓄xu電dian池chi充chong電dian製zhi度du認ren識shi的de局ju限xian性xing,蓄xu電dian池chi充chong電dian一yi直zhi沿yan襲xi舊jiu的de充chong電dian製zhi度du,致zhi使shi蓄xu電dian池chi充chong電dian時shi間jian長chang。所suo以yi,蓄xu電dian池chi使shi用yong起qi來lai不bu方fang便bian,不bu能neng適shi應ying飛fei速su發fa展zhan的de經jing濟ji建jian設she和he國guo防fang建jian設she的de需xu要yao。
我國常規充電製度,是在缺乏對於充電規律認識的情況下,被迫采用的不合理的充電方法。常規充電方法的缺點就是充電時間長、效率低、出氣量大、蓄電池的利用周轉率低、充chong電dian管guan理li製zhi度du繁fan雜za等deng。這zhe種zhong充chong電dian製zhi度du的de落luo後hou性xing與yu蓄xu電dian池chi應ying用yong的de廣guang泛fan性xing是shi存cun在zai著zhe一yi定ding的de矛mao盾dun的de。為wei此ci,在zai充chong電dian領ling域yu內nei,必bi須xu加jia強qiang對dui充chong電dian規gui律lv的de認ren識shi和he研yan究jiu,逐zhu步bu探tan討tao一yi套tao既ji快kuai又you好hao的de充chong電dian製zhi度du,以yi使shi蓄xu電dian池chi適shi應ying於yu各ge部bu門men經jing濟ji發fa展zhan的de需xu要yao和he國guo防fang建jian設she的de需xu要yao。
1)三階段充電法
muqiandehangkongxudianchichongdianjuncaiyongjieduanhengliuchongdianfa。yibansuanxinghangkongxudianchicaiyonghengliuliangjieduanchongdianfa。jianxinghangkongxudianchicaiyonghengliuliangjieduanchongdianfahuohengliuyijieduanchongdianfa。danzhezhongchongdianfazaichongdianzhongjianjieduanyuanlilechongdiandianliujieshoulvquxian,suoyisanjieduanchongdianfagenghaoyidian。
sanjieduanchongdianfashiliangjieduandengliuchongdianfahehengdingdengyachongdianfaxiangjiehedefangshi。chongdiankaishihejieshushicaiyonghengdingdianliu,zhongjianjieduanweihengdingdianyachongdian。xudianchizaichongdianchuqiyongjiaodadedianliu,jingguoyiduanshijiangaiweihengdingdianyachongdian,dangdianliushuaijiandaoyudingzhishi,youdierjieduanzhuandaodisanjieduan。caiyongsanjieduanchongdianfadeyoudianshi:避bi免mian了le恒heng定ding電dian壓ya充chong電dian法fa開kai始shi充chong電dian電dian流liu過guo大da,而er後hou期qi電dian流liu又you過guo小xiao的de情qing況kuang,比bi二er階jie段duan等deng流liu充chong電dian在zai中zhong間jian階jie段duan更geng接jie近jin充chong電dian電dian流liu接jie受shou率lv曲qu線xian。這zhe種zhong充chong電dian法fa減jian少shao了le充chong電dian出chu氣qi量liang,充chong電dian又you徹che底di,延yan長chang了le蓄xu電dian池chi使shi用yong壽shou命ming。三san階jie段duan充chong電dian法fa充chong電dian電dian流liu和he充chong電dian電dian壓ya變bian化hua曲qu線xian如ru圖tu1所示。[page]

2)定電流定電壓快速充電法
yihengdingdadianliuchongdian,dangchongdaoxudianchidechuqidianyashi,tingzhichongdianbingjinxingfangdian,ranhoujinxingdadianliuchongdian,chongfangdianguochengyicijiaotijinxing。fangdianmaichongdekuandusuichongrudianliangzengjia,chongdianmaichongkuandusuichongrudianliangzengjiaerjianxiao。dangchongdianlianghefangdianliangjibenxiangdengshi,biaomingxudianchiyijibenchongman,lijijieshuchongdian。

地方上已有這種充電設備,其工作過程是三相交流電源經接觸器、變壓器及可控矽充電開關對蓄電池充電。待蓄電池電壓達到出氣點電壓時,經過電壓傳感器檢測並發出信號。此信號使充、放電狀態控製器轉為停止充電狀態,並發出三個控製信號。第一個控製信號是關斷充電脈衝發生器的信號。
第二控製信號是開始去極化信號,它經過放電前停止充電延時電路延時(t1-t2)後,發出放電開始脈衝,打開放電開關,蓄電池開始向放電電阻放電並經過放電延時電路延時(t2-t3)hou,fachufangdianguanmaichong,jieshufangdian。yicizhongfujinxingchongfangdianguocheng,zhizhichongdianjieshu。disangekongzhixinhaosonggeikaishifangdianjishiqi,shiqicongdiyiciqujihuafangdiankaishijishi,daoyudingdeshijianhoujieshuchongdian,zidongguanji。yongzhezhongfangfachongdian,xudianchidechongdianhefangdiandianliuboxingrutu2所(suo)示(shi)。上(shang)述(shu)兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)改(gai)進(jin)方(fang)向(xiang)。我(wo)國(guo)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)案(an)很(hen)多(duo),性(xing)能(neng)差(cha)異(yi)很(hen)大(da)。各(ge)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法(fa)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽(shou)命(ming)影(ying)響(xiang)也(ye)大(da)不(bu)相(xiang)同(tong)。這(zhe)兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)在(zai)理(li)論(lun)上(shang)比(bi)較(jiao)適(shi)合(he)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。
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